Macro Photography

Macro photography is extreme close up photography generally  of very small objects where the size of the image turns out to be larger than the original size.
Macro lenses specifically designed for close up images, which is capable for of reproducing (reproduction) ratios that are bigger than 1:1.

"Macro lenses of different focal lengths find different uses:

• Continuously-variable focal length – suitable for virtually all macro subjects
• 45–65 mm – product photography, small objects that can be approached closely without causing undesirable influence, and scenes requiring natural background perspective
• 90–105 mm – insects, flowers, and small objects from a comfortable distance
• 150–200 mm – insects and other small animals where additional working distance is required"

Lighting can be an issue when using macro lenses so close to the subject because the closer the lens is  to the object the less light there is on it, as it has further to travel to finally reach the shutter.   Therefore I will have to take this into consideration when taking my pictures and either make sure there is enough light so it can travel up the lens or I will have to alter the aperture and ISO in order for the images not to come out too dark.
Depth of field is also an issue when using macro lenses.  "A small aperture (high f-number) is often required to produce acceptable sharpness."  Due to this I may have to turn up the ISO. 

Canon 50mm macro lens

Canon 65mm macro lens